Pets, especially dogs and cats, can be sensitive to a variety of safe foods that, while perfectly safe for humans, can be dangerous or even fatal to them. Improper nutrition or accidental ingestion of certain foods can lead to serious health problems, from mild indigestion to severe poisoning. In this article, we explore common foods that are toxic to dogs and cats, as well as the symptoms of poisoning and what to do in an emergency.
1. Chocolate
Chocolate is one of the most well-known toxic foods for dogs and cats. It contains substances called theobromine and caffeine , stimulants that can be difficult for animals to eliminate from their bodies.
Effects:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Hyperactivity
- Muscle tremors
- Heart problems
- Convulsions
- In severe cases, coma or death
How much?
Toxic effects vary depending on the type of chocolate (dark chocolate being the most toxic), the size of the animal, and the amount ingested. For example, even a small amount of dark chocolate can be dangerous for a small dog.
2. Onion and Garlic
Onions, garlic, and other members of the allium family (such as leeks and spring onions) contain compounds that can cause damage to red blood cells in animals, leading to hemolytic anemia .
Effects:
- Weakness
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Red or brown urine (due to the destruction of red blood cells)
- Abatement
How much?
Ingesting large or repeated amounts of onion or garlic can be toxic, although cats and small dogs are more vulnerable. Garlic powder is also highly toxic.
3. The Lawyer
Avocado contains a toxin called persin , which can be harmful to dogs and cats, although the toxic effect is generally more pronounced in birds, horses, and other animals .
Effects:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Breathing difficulties (in severe cases)
How much?
Small pets are more likely to experience adverse effects after eating large amounts of avocado. However, it is recommended to avoid giving avocado to your pets, even in small amounts.
4. Raisins and Dried Fruits
Raisins and raisins, while seemingly harmless, are extremely toxic to some dogs. The exact reasons for this approval are still unknown, but it is well established that ingesting these fruits can cause serious kidney damage.
Effects:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Acute kidney failure (which can be fatal)
How much?
Even a small amount of raisins or sultanas can cause serious symptoms in some dogs. It is not necessary for them to ingest a large amount for drunkenness to occur.
5. Alcohol
Alcohol, in all its forms (beer, wine, spirits, etc.), is extremely dangerous for dogs and cats. Animals are much more sensitive to the effects of alcohol than humans.
Effects:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Breathing difficulties
- Hypothermia
- Coma
- Death
How much?
Even a small amount of alcohol can be toxic, especially to small animals.
6. Xylitol
Xylitol is a sugar substitute found in many sugar-free products, such as chewing gum, candy, baked goods , toothpaste, and medications. This compound is extremely toxic to dogs but is safe for humans.
Effects:
- Hypoglycemia (dangerous drop in blood sugar)
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Convulsions
- Acute liver failure
How much?
Even a small amount of xylitol can cause serious symptoms in dogs, making it essential to avoid exposure to this compound.
7. Macadamia Nuts
Macadamia nuts are another source of substances that are dangerous to dogs. While the effects are usually reversible, ingesting these nuts can cause uncomfortable symptoms.
Effects:
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Tremors
- Hyperthermia (increased body temperature)
How much?
A small amount of macadamia nuts can be enough to cause symptoms of poisoning in dogs.
8. Milk and Dairy Products
Although milk is not toxic in itself, many adult dogs and cats are lactose intolerant, meaning they have difficulty digesting dairy products.
Effects:
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
How much?
The effects depend on individual tolerance. It is best to avoid giving dairy products to your pets.
9. Coffee and Caffeinated Drinks
Like chocolate, coffee contains caffeine , a stimulant that can be very dangerous to animals.
Effects:
- Hyperactivity
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Tremors
- High heart rate
- Convulsions
How much?
Dogs and cats are sensitive to caffeine, even in small amounts. The effects depend on the type of drink and the size of the animal.
10. Cooked Bones
Cooked bones, such as those from poultry, pork chops, or beef, can splinter into sharp shards, posing a danger to the animals' throats, esophagus, and intestines.
Effects:
- Obstruction or perforation of the digestive system
- Internal bleeding
How much?
Cooked bones are dangerous, even in small amounts, and should be avoided at all costs.
What to do in case of poisoning?
If you suspect your dog or cat has ingested a toxic food, it is essential to react quickly.
- Contact a veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic immediately. If you have information about the amount ingested, this will help the veterinarian assess the situation.
- If possible, keep the product packaging or write down the name of the food to provide this information to the veterinarian.
- Do not attempt to induce vomiting or administer medication without veterinary advice, as this may make the situation worse.
Conclusion
Dogs and cats should never be fed human food unless recommended by a veterinarian. Some foods, even in small amounts, can cause serious poisoning. Prevention is key, and it's important to be aware of potential hazards to ensure the safety of your pets.
When in doubt, it is always best to consult a veterinarian, as each animal reacts differently depending on its size, age and general health.